The female reproductive system is mainly regulated by certain hormones secreted by the ovaries. With the effect of these hormones, the endometrium layer, which forms the inner surface of the uterus, thickens and becomes rich in blood vessels in preparation for a possible pregnancy every 28 days on average. If there is no pregnancy, it is renewed at the end of that period in order to be prepared for the next month.

Irregular Periods

Since the endometrium is a tissue rich in blood vessels, it causes some bleeding while it is poured for renewal. This bleeding is called menstruation or menstruation (medically menstruation).


The menstrual cycle is calculated as the time from the first day of bleeding to the beginning of the next menstrual bleeding. Normally, every woman experiences a menstrual cycle that ranges from 21 to 35 days in length. If there are intermittent bleeding and excessive bleeding outside of this order, this is considered as menstrual irregularity.


Irregular Periods Reasons

Menstrual irregularity can develop due to different reasons. The main reason for breakthrough bleeding may be the drop in hormones during ovulation. Due to this fall, the endometrium tissue in the uterus loses its hormone support and may cause spot-like bleeding. If patients begin to feel uncomfortable with these breakthrough bleeding, it is recommended to see a doctor as soon as possible.


If menstrual irregularity is caused by hormonal reasons, if the menstrual bleeding is severe and painful, it is necessary to seek medical help regarding this situation.


Some conditions that can cause menstrual irregularity and irregular bleeding are as follows:


Adenomyosis (thickening of endometrial tissue)

Lack of ovulation or problems with ovulation

Fibroids, polyps or cysts

Hormonal drugs used

Estrogen-induced or other hormonal disorders

Infectious conditions

Malignant masses of the uterus and ovaries.


Irregular Periods Symptoms

 Menstrual bleeding is normally considered to last between 2-7 days. In addition, the period from the beginning of one period to the beginning of the next period is expected to be between 21 and 35 days.

Although menstrual cycles in periods other than these are called menstrual irregularities, menstrual irregularities can be seen as normal during hormonal adjustments that occur in the periods of youth when new menstruation begins and, in the periods, approaching menopause.

After all these conditions are controlled, conditions that are not considered normal can be treated and regulated.


Major Symptoms of Menstrual Irregularity

One menstrual cycle (the time from the start of one period to the start of the next) is less than 21 days but less than 35 days

Period less than 2 days or more than 7 days at the most

severe bleeding

pain, cramping, or vomiting

constant fatigue

dizziness

Anemia

It may give some symptoms such as frequent menstruation or not seeing at all for a long time.

Irregular Periods Diagnostic Methods

When you apply to your doctor with the complaint of menstrual irregularity, your doctor will first question your medical history and then perform a gynecological examination.

During the gynecological examination, ultrasonographic examinations can be performed to obtain images of the uterus, ovaries and surrounding structures.

After the examination, some blood tests such as estrogen, FSH, LH, AMH may be requested to clarify the diagnosis. In addition, imaging techniques such as MRI can be used.

If menstrual irregularity is thought to be caused by a mass or thickening of the uterine lining, samples can be taken for examination.